Ausgesprochen Alt. Der Antike Podcast

Folge 31: Cancel Culture! Das zweite Vierkaiserjahr

Nicht alle römischen Kaiser waren beliebt, nicht alle Kaiser regierten lange, nicht alle Kaiser starben eines natürlichen Todes. In der heutigen Folge schauen wir uns die Ereignisse des Jahres 193 n. Chr. an. Wer konnte sich nach der Ermordung des Commodus als neuer Kaiser durchsetzen? Welche Rolle spielten die Soldaten dabei? Und wieso geht es dann doch immer ums Geld?

Folge 31 von Ausgesprochen Alt.

Über diese Quellen sprechen wir diese Folge:

Das Geldsystem im ersten und zweiten Jahrhundert

Das römische Geldsystem im 1. & 2. Jh. n. Chr. (© Max Resch)

Die Versteigerung der Kaiserwürde

[…] when he [Didius Julianus] heard of the death of Pertinax, hastily made his way to the camp, and, standing at the gates of the enclosure, made bids to the soldiers for the rule over the Romans. Then ensued a most disgraceful business and one unworthy of Rome. For, just as if it had been in some market or auction-room, both the City and its entire empire were auctioned off. The sellers were the ones who had slain their emperor, and the would-be buyers were Sulpicianus and Julianus, who vied to outbid each other, one from the inside, the other from the outside. They gradually raised their bids up to twenty thousand sesterces per soldier. Some of the soldiers would carry word to Julianus, “Sulpicianus offers so much; how much more do you make it ?” And to Sulpicianus in turn, “Julianus promises so much; how much do you raise him ?” Sulpicianus would have won the day, being inside and being prefect of the city and also the first to name the figure twenty thousand, had not Julianus raised his bid no longer by a small amount but by five thousand at one time, both shouting it in a loud voice and also indicating the amount with his fingers. So the soldiers, captivated by this excessive bid and at the same time fearing that Sulpicianus might avenge Pertinax (an idea that Julianus put into their heads), received Julianus inside and declared him emperor.

Cassius Dio LXXIV, 11, 2-6 (Übersetzung: Earnest Cary)

Die letzten Worte des Septimius Severus an seine Söhne, Commodus und Geta

Be harmonious, enrich the soldiers and scorn all other men!

Cassius Dio LXXVII, 15, 2-3 (Übersetzung: Earnest Cary)

Jahresgehalt eines römischen Legionärs

Unter Augustus: 900 Sesterze
Unter Domitian: 1200 Sesterze
Unter Septimius Severus: 2400 Sesterze
Unter Caracalla: 3600 Sesterze
(Nach Wolters 1999, S. 223)

Literatur

  • Reinhard Wolters, Nummi Signati. Untersuchungen zur römischen Münzprägung und Geldwitschaft, München 1999.
  • Richard Abdy, The Severans, in: William E. Metcalf (Hrsg.), The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage (Oxford/New York 2012), 499-513.

Bildquellen